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            [date_added] => 2013-04-22
            [number] => 5
            [title] => Wealth Disparities before and after the Great Recession
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            [authors] => Fabian T. Pfeffer, Sheldon Danziger, and Robert F. Schoeni, University of Michigan
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            [abstract] => The collapse of the labor, housing, and stock markets beginning in 2007 created unprecedented challenges for American families. This study examines disparities in wealth holdings leading up to the Great Recession and during the first years of the recovery. All socioeconomic groups experienced declines in wealth following the recession, with higher wealth families experiencing larger absolute declines. In percentage terms, however, the declines were greater for less-advantaged groups as measured by minority status, education, and pre-recession income and wealth, leading to a substantial rise in wealth inequality in just a few years. Despite large changes in wealth, longitudinal analyses demonstrate little change in mobility in the ranking of particular families in the wealth distribution. Between 2007 and 2011, one fourth of American families lost at least 75 percent of their wealth, and more than half of all families lost at least 25 percent of their wealth. Multivariate longitudinal analyses document that these large relative losses were disproportionally concentrated among lower income, less educated, and minority households.
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            [date_added] => 2012-05-02
            [number] => 10
            [title] => Familial Financial Assistance to Young Adults
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            [authors] => Patrick Wightman and Robert Schoeni, University of Michigan and Keith Robinson, University of Texas at Austin
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            [abstract] => We use the Transition to Adulthood (TA) Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine current trends in financial and material assistance provided by parents to their college-age, young adult children. We also investigate the determinants of these transfers. We find that most young adults receive some form of assistance and that the average annual value of all transfers is substantial, roughly $7,500. We find large disparities by family SES, although we also find that as a share of total family income, the total value of all transfers is fairly consistent across the income distribution. We show that controlling for young peoples’ college attendance, childhood cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics, family income is the most important predictor of both the receipt and value of parental assistance. We find some evidence that parents’ perception of childhood behavior influences discretionary transfers, i.e. gifts and loans. Finally, we find some evidence that these trends were affected by the recession of 2007-2009.
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            [last_modified] => 2012-12-17 14:17:11
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            [title] => The Credit Market Consequences of Job Displacement
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            [authors] => Benjamin J. Keys, University of Michigan
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            [abstract] => This paper demonstrates the important role of job displacement in the household bankruptcy decision. I develop a dynamic, forward-looking model of unemployment and bankruptcy where persistent negative income shocks increase a household's likelihood of filing for bankruptcy both immediately and in the future. Consistent with the model's predictions, I find that households in the NLSY are four times more likely to file for bankruptcy in the year immediately following a job loss. Heightened bankruptcy risk then declines in magnitude but persists for two to three years. Aggregate patterns in job loss and bankruptcy are also consistent with the micro model. Using county-level data from the U.S. Courts and County Business Patterns, I find that 1000 job losses are associated with 8-11 bankruptcies, that the effects also last two to three years, and that the loss of a manufacturing job is three times more likely to lead to bankruptcy than the loss of a non-manufacturing job. The results suggest that while current bankruptcy law requires credit counseling at the time of bankruptcy, providing counseling to vulnerable households at the time of job loss may be more effective.
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            [last_modified] => 2010-08-04 09:13:05
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            [date_added] => 2007-09-12
            [number] => 25
            [title] => Temporary Help Agencies and the Advancement Prospects of Low Earners.
            [homepage] => 
            [authors] => Fredrik Andersson, Harry J. Holzer, and Julia Lane.
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            [abstract] => In this paper we use a very large matched database on firms and employees to analyze the use of temporary agencies by low earners, and to estimate the impact of temp employment on subsequent employment outcomes for these workers. Our results show that, while temp workers have lower earnings than others while working at these agencies, their subsequent earnings are often higher – but only if they manage to gain stable work with other employers. Furthermore, the positive effects seem mostly to occur because those working for temp agencies subsequently gain access to higher-wage firms than do comparable low earners who do not work for temps. The positive effects we find seem to persist for up to six years beyond the period during which the temp employment occurred.
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            [last_modified] => 2009-08-12 14:02:32
            [last_modified_by] => mattlach
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            [date_added] => 2006-06-06
            [number] => 17
            [title] => The Incidence Of Poverty Across Three Generations Of Black And White Immigrants In The Post Civil Rights Era: Assessing The Impacts Of Race And Ancestry
            [homepage] => 
            [authors] => Amon Emeka, Department of Sociology, University of Southern California.
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                    [0] => <A HREF="http://www.npc.umich.edu/publications/workingpaper06/paper17/Working_Paper06-17.pdf">Download paper here.</A>

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            [abstract] => Recent debates on immigration have led to speculation regarding the socioeconomic advancement of immigrants and their children with some prominent scholars arguing that recent immigrants are of “low quality” and will have difficulty matching the accomplishments of immigrants of the early twentieth century. Others have suggested that immigrant progress will be hindered in the Post-Civil Rights Era, but not by immigrants’ own shortcomings. Rather, immigrants’ opportunities will be limited by deindustrialization and racism.   This study examines patterns of poverty across three generations of recent immigrants from Africa, the Americas, and the Caribbean using U.S. Census data from 1980 and 2000. The findings here contradict the expectation that recent immigrants would not experience significant upward mobility. There is a nearly universal intergenerational decline in poverty among immigrants groups from throughout the western hemisphere—regardless of their racial or national origins.   However, a significant Black disadvantage emerges in the “new second” that leaves Black immigrants more likely than all others to experience poverty in the U.S. It is a disadvantage that cannot be explained by origins, city of residence, age, education, employment, or marital status.  All of this suggests that the success and failure of immigrants in the U.S. may have more to do with their placement in our most crude racial schemas than with their human capital. 
            [publication_type] => working paper
            [last_modified] => 2009-08-12 13:43:13
            [last_modified_by] => mattlach
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                    [0] => 44
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            [publication_id] => 70
            [active] => 1
            [creator_uniqname] => 
            [date_added] => 2006-05-06
            [number] => 06
            [title] => The Consequences of Recent Job Growth on Older Low Income Workers
            [homepage] => 
            [authors] => William M. Rodgers III, Rutgers University.
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                    [0] => <A HREF="http://www.npc.umich.edu/publications/workingpaper06/paper06/06-06.pdf">Download paper here.</A>

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            [abstract] => Since the start of the recovery in November 2001, U.S. workers have experienced slow job growth. These conditions have adversely impacted the economic security of low-income and less-educated older workers (ages 50 to 64).  During previous recoveries, strong job growth provided older workers with employment opportunities, which helped to moderate the secular increases in displacement that are well documented.  This recovery has been different. Only 3.4 million new jobs have been created, less than half during the 1990s recovery and a quarter during the recovery that started March 1978.The absence of strong job growth has resulted in a drop in employment, health insurance and pension coverage for many older workers.  Stronger job growth is only a first step to offsetting the secular increase in the displacement of older workers. Additional public policy answers are needed to ensure that older low-income Americans can achieve economic security in the future.  The results show that Job growth continues to lag growth during previous business cycles. As of November 2005, 3.4 million new jobs have been created, compared to 8.0 million during the 1970s recovery and 12.0 million during the recovery that started March 1978.  The slower pace of growth is potentially due to three new trends: shifts in investment, rising health care costs, and fiscal policy choices.  The slower pace of employment growth has adversely affected older Americans. Full-year employment, private health insurance and pension coverage have trended downward, with the most consistent and strongest evidence of decline among low-income men aged 50 to 54.  Older men’s losses are primarily due to their decline in manufacturing, transportation, and public utility employment, sectors of the economy that have lost jobs during the recovery. Older women’s losses were dampened due to their disproportionate presence in the education and health services sector, the recovery’s fastest growing sector.  Rising economic insecurity for older low-income families goes well beyond declining labor force attachment. Private sector health insurance and pension coverage rates both fell. These erosions come on top of already significantly lower wages, health insurance and pension coverage than the general working age population.
            [publication_type] => working paper
            [last_modified] => 2009-08-12 13:43:13
            [last_modified_by] => mattlach
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National Poverty Center | University of Michigan</title>
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		<div id="breadCrumbsBar"> <a href="/"><span class="breadcrumbslink">NPC &gt;</span></a> <a href="http://npc.umich.edu/publications/"><span class="breadcrumbslink">Publications &gt;</span></a> <span class="breadcrumbs">Working Papers</span></div>

		
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<h4 align="left" >NPC Working Papers</h4>		</div>  


			<h2 style='display:inline' >Displaying publications matching keyword: 

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Inter and Intragenerational Mobility</h2> [<a href="/publications/working_papers">remove filter</a>]
		 
		 
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<a name='publication1' id='publication1'></a> <p><a href='/publications/working_papers?publication_id=254&'>Wealth Disparities before and after the Great Recession</a> Fabian T. Pfeffer, Sheldon Danziger, and Robert F. Schoeni, University of Michigan (2013-5) </p>

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<a name='publication2' id='publication2'></a> <p><a href='/publications/working_papers?publication_id=239&'>Familial Financial Assistance to Young Adults</a> Patrick Wightman and Robert Schoeni, University of Michigan and Keith Robinson, University of Texas at Austin (2012-10) </p>

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<a name='publication3' id='publication3'></a> <p><a href='/publications/working_papers?publication_id=178&'>The Credit Market Consequences of Job Displacement</a> Benjamin J. Keys, University of Michigan (2009-08) </p>

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<a name='publication4' id='publication4'></a> <p><a href='/publications/working_papers?publication_id=137&'>Temporary Help Agencies and the Advancement Prospects of Low Earners.</a> Fredrik Andersson, Harry J. Holzer, and Julia Lane. (2007-25) </p>

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<a name='publication5' id='publication5'></a> <p><a href='/publications/working_papers?publication_id=81&'>The Incidence Of Poverty Across Three Generations Of Black And White Immigrants In The Post Civil Rights Era: Assessing The Impacts Of Race And Ancestry</a> Amon Emeka, Department of Sociology, University of Southern California. (2006-17) </p>

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<a name='publication6' id='publication6'></a> <p><a href='/publications/working_papers?publication_id=70&'>The Consequences of Recent Job Growth on Older Low Income Workers</a> William M. Rodgers III, Rutgers University. (2006-06) </p>	
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